Bee Varieties Range
From 2009 in order to 2018, 192 bee kinds (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) had been stuck from inside the Calanques Federal Playground thru one another internet and you can dish trap stuff. They belonged to half a dozen family and you may 38 genera. Megachilidae try the absolute most varieties-steeped family relations, accompanied by Apidae and you will Halictidae, that have 53, 44, and you can 43 varieties, respectively. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 was the new richest genus, with 33 varieties, while 7 genera were portrayed by only 1 types (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Dining table step one [on the web merely] ). Using the jackknife step 1 and you can dos indexes, the complete bee species richness is actually estimated as ranging from ± nine.89 and ± . The newest seen richness for this reason portrayed 71.step three so you can https://datingranking.net/sex-sites/ 79.6% of your projected bee richness ( Desk 2). The fresh new Chao1 strategy projected new noticed richness to get 76.8% of potential restrict fullness ( Table dos). Probably the most numerous kinds is actually Apis mellifera L. (276 individuals), with Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and 168 individuals, respectively), and you will Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 people). Ultimately, fifty species (26%) were illustrated because of the singular private (singletons).
Ecological Qualities from Bees
Regarding the environmental traits off nesting tastes, we known 59 solitary bee variety nesting above surface, ninety five unmarried bee species nesting below ground and you will 23 cleptoparasitic variety, comparable to 31.eight, 47.9, and you can 12.0% of your overall bee variety richness, correspondingly. I detected four social kinds (bumble bees and honey bees-2.1%). In the long run, this new nesting choice from fourteen kinds will always be unknown (eight.3%- Supp Desk step 1 [on the internet just] ). Regarding the flowery diet away from bee species, we found that 105 species (54.7%) foraged to the a wide range of bush types (we.e., generalist varieties, polylectic) and you may 51 species (26.5%) foraged on a single plant members of the family otherwise one/couple bush kinds (i.e., expert types, oligolectic). With the leftover thirty-six bee species (18.8%), the fresh flowery diet wasn’t known (age.grams., having cleptoparasitic kinds). Yet not, really generalist kinds exhibited an inclination for example otherwise a number of plant family members ( Supp Table 1 [on the internet just] ). On forty two singletons, 14 bee kinds (28%) was in fact professionals, and you may 9 bee kinds (18%) had been cleptoparasitic ( Supp Desk 1 [on the internet simply] ).
A keen IUCN position are readily available for 178 types (excluding the brand new kinds complexes and you will unfamiliar types). Those types of, 47 variety was basically categorized since the study lacking (DD-twenty six.4%), 124 varieties had been the very least concerned (LC-69.6%), half a dozen varieties had been close endangered (NT-step three.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and you can L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and another variety is actually thought endangered (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Dining table step one [on the web merely] ). About three oligolectic species was basically one of the seven threatened bee types. A. ovatula and C. albomaculatus was pros to the Fabaceae, D. argentata is an expert to your Caprifoliaceae.
Out-of 2009 to help you 2018, 38 species of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) was stuck within the Calanques Federal Park. They belonged to twenty-four genera ( Supp Desk 2 [on the web only] ). Probably the most numerous genera had been Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 anyone), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (14 someone), and you will Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville inside the Latreille, 1828 (13 some one), while 20 varieties (53%) was in fact illustrated by the just one individual ( Supp Dining table 2 [on the web merely] ). The new bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) had been portrayed of the 20 species, and additionally four singletons (25%) ( Supp Table step three [on line just] ). Brand new estimation out-of complete variety richness from hover flies and you may bee flies try anywhere between 83 and you will 97 varieties utilizing the jackknife 1 and you will dos indexes, respectively. Therefore, new observed fullness represented 59.8–69.9% of projected hover travel and you will bee fly fullness ( Table dos).