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Table dos. For men, quantity of sounds analysed is provided because the final amount together with list of sounds analysed each individual inside supports. For men, level of colony spotted web sites equal what amount of males recorded, for women, it signifies the number of nests at which i observed her or him. Men voice properties were averaged towards individual top in advance of figuring new displayed studies. Imply ± SD | Average is given to your number of pulses each voice, stage, pulse rate and you can dominant frequency
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Shape step three. Numerous heartbeat music created by the brand new corkwing wrasse. Wave form (top) and corresponding spectrogram (below). (a) Grunt of a great territorial male corkwing wrasse. (b) Strong grunt of good territorial male corkwing wrasse. (c) Grunt of a lady corkwing wrasse. Spectrogram configurations: fifty dB vibrant variety, Hamming screen (raised sine-squared), 0.008 s window size (men and women grunt), 0.08 s windows duration (male strong grunt)
Shape step 3. Several pulse music created by this new corkwing wrasse. Wave-form (top) and you may associated spectrogram (below). (a) Grunt regarding a good territorial men corkwing wrasse. (b) Strong grunt away from an effective territorial men corkwing wrasse. (c) Grunt out of a woman corkwing wrasse. Spectrogram configurations: 50 dB active diversity, Hamming screen (increased sine-squared), 0.008 s window size (female and male grunt), 0.08 s screen duration (men deep grunt)
Because of the different structure of grunts and deep grunts, we only compared the sound properties statistically, which were the same in both types of grunt, i.e. dominant frequency and duration. The two male grunt types differ significantly from each other in both propertiespared to deep grunts, male grunts are of a shorter duration (t-test: t = 5.44, P < 0.001, CI = ?0.47–1.09). The dominant frequency is higher in male grunts than in male deep grunts (Mann Whitney U test: W = 0, N1 = 17, N2 = 11, P < 0.001). Table 2 presents all measured sound properties for comparison.
Compared to male grunts, female grunts had a significantly lower pulse-rate (t-test: t = -6.71, P < 0.0001, CI = -- -). Grunts of males and females had a similar dominant frequency (t-test: t = 1.38, P = 0.17, CI = -0.05- 0.26), duration (t-test: t = 0.47, P = 0.64, CI = -0.19- 0.26), and number of pulses (Mann Whitney U test: W = 302, N1 = 17, N2 = 35, P = 0.94).
Single-heart circulation music
Your choice of clearly assignable clicks triggered the analysis regarding 102 men presses out-of 31 movies off 19 someone and 66 women presses regarding 20 video clips during the nests out of fourteen boys. Your selection of clearly assignable plops contributed to the research regarding 73 male plops out of 28 video from 18 videos and you will 66 women plops of 21 video clips during the nests out of fourteen guys. Averaging men songs for each and every private men lead to a sample size of letter = 18 getting presses, and you will letter = 17 to possess plops.
Clicks are sharp, single-pulse broadband sounds with their main energy in a frequency range of several hundred Hz, while the sound pressure level difference across the harmonics are small (Figure 4(a), Table 3). The dominant frequency of clicks was significantly higher in males than in females (Mann Whitney U test: W = 409, N1 = 35, N2 = 66, P = 0.04). However, there were some female clicks for which the dominant frequency was much higher than in most clicks (up to 7200 Hz). We did not see any technical reason to exclude these outliers from the analysis. Clicks did not differ between males and females in the sound pressure level difference between dominant frequency and its 5 th harmonic (t-test: tforty-eight.cuatro = 0.84, P = 0.40, CI = ?2.17–5.31).